Lung Screening Benefits and Challenges: A Review of The Data and Outline for Implementation

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for almost a fifth all deaths. Annual computed tomographic lung screening (CTLS) detects at earlier stages and reduces mortality among high-risk individuals. Many medical organizations, including U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, recommend annual CTLS in populations. However, fewer than 5% individuals worldwide high risk have undergone screening. In large part, this owing to delayed implementation many countries throughout world. Factors contributing low uptake with longstanding endorsement, such as United States, include lack patient clinician awareness current recommendations favor concerns about CTLS-related radiation exposure, false-positive results, overdiagnosis, cost. This review literature serves address these by evaluating potential risks benefits CTLS. Review key components program, along an updated shared decision aid, provides guidance program development optimization. studies population considered “high-risk” included may affect future guidelines within States other considering implementation.